{"id":796,"date":"2015-10-22T14:52:45","date_gmt":"2015-10-22T14:52:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/dataethics.eu\/?p=796"},"modified":"2016-04-13T11:51:20","modified_gmt":"2016-04-13T11:51:20","slug":"data-er-ikke-til-at-stole-paa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dataethics.eu\/da\/data-er-ikke-til-at-stole-paa\/","title":{"rendered":"Data er ikke til at stole p\u00e5"},"content":{"rendered":"

Analyse:<\/strong>\u00a0Det er enhver leders v\u00e5de dr\u00f8m, komplet information. Med Big Data kan alt m\u00e5les og det meste forudsiges. Det er i hvert fald, den vision IT-leverand\u00f8rerne s\u00e6lger. Hele industrier er i dag bygget p\u00e5 data, kaldet det 21. \u00e5rhundredes olie. Men som s\u00e5 ofte f\u00f8r med ny teknologi er fascinationen st\u00f8rre end bet\u00e6nkelighederne. Data er ganske rigtigt en r\u00e5vare som olie, men hvis ikke den bliver brugt rigtigt, risikerer vi, at noget spr\u00e6nger i luften.<\/p>\n

Her er fem gode grunde til at forblive kritisk.<\/p>\n

Data manipuleres<\/strong><\/p>\n

I \u00e5revis stolede myndighederne blindt p\u00e5 testdata fra Volkswagens biler. Den tyske bilgigant havde imidlertid foretaget en simpel \u00e6ndring<\/a> i softwaren, der \u00e6ndrede dramatisk p\u00e5 resultaterne. Skandalen til milliarder af dollar blev kun opdaget, fordi et beskedent privat laboratorium fortsatte med at undre sig. Data er ikke en konstant, objektiv st\u00f8rrelse, men l\u00f8bende udsat for manipuleringer, med rette eller ej. Google og Facebook bruger algoritmer til at prioritere indhold, s\u00e5 brugeren kun f\u00e5r et udvalg at se. Ingen kender kriterierne for denne udv\u00e6lgelse, og der spekuleres<\/a> konstant i, at virksomheder som Google blander kortene i eget fav\u00f8r.<\/p>\n

Data misforst\u00e5s<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ogs\u00e5 selv om man i bedste mening fortolker data, kan det give vidt forskellige resultater. The Economist fort\u00e6ller<\/a> om en unders\u00f8gelse, hvor 29 h\u00f8jt estimerede forskerteams fik udleveret et identisk s\u00e6t data, men konklusionerne varierede betydeligt. Ikke kun p\u00e5 grund af kendte faktorer som ubevidst bias, men ogs\u00e5 fordi forskerne brugte forskellige, men anerkendte v\u00e6rkt\u00f8jer og metoder. \u201dDer er tre slags l\u00f8gne \u2013 l\u00f8gne, forbandede l\u00f8gne, og statistikker.\u201d Det sagde statsmanden Benjamin Disraeli i det 19. \u00e5rhundrede, og den skepsis over for data data er endnu mere relevant i 2015.<\/p>\n

Data overvurderes<\/strong><\/p>\n

Virksomheder b\u00f8r ogs\u00e5 v\u00e6re skeptiske over for hypen. Data er en r\u00e5vare, der f\u00f8rst bliver noget v\u00e6rd ved for\u00e6dling, det vil sige analyse, og lige som i forskningens verden er det langt fra nogen nem proces. Analysefirmaet Gartner forudser<\/a> en algoritme-\u00f8konomi, hvor det er virksomheders evne til at oms\u00e6tte data til noget operationelt, der bliver den afg\u00f8rende parameter. I den verden af Internet of Things handles data som en r\u00e5vare, og allerede nu er der ved at opst\u00e5 et marked kun for formler, algoritmer, der tilf\u00f8rer v\u00e6rdi. Vinderne bliver de virksomheder, der er bedst til at forst\u00e5 data.<\/p>\n

Data polariserer<\/strong><\/p>\n

Gartners ikke urealistiske fremskrivelse indeholder en \u00f8konomi drevet af data. Men den markedsdynamik har en tendens til at skabe ulige markeder, der er blevet kaldt b\u00e5de plutokratier og oligarkiske. Naturloven er, at jo flere data samles, jo mere v\u00e6rdifulde er de. Derfor er st\u00f8rrelse en konkurrenceparameter i sin egen ret. \u00a0 <\/span>Allerede i dag har vi en erkl\u00e6ret elite inden for feltet, \u201dThe Gang of Four,\u201d<\/a> Apple, Amazon, Facebook og Google, mens mange andre har lignende ambitioner. S\u00e5ledes er det kun en h\u00e5ndfuld<\/a> af de 50 st\u00f8rste europ\u00e6iske e-handelsvirksomheder, der tjener penge. Lige som det har v\u00e6ret tilf\u00e6ldet for Amazon i stort set alle sine leve\u00e5r. For dem er forretningen en investering, ikke s\u00e5 meget i patenter eller en infrastruktur, men kundedata.<\/p>\n

Data skader<\/strong><\/p>\n

Endelig er der problemet med data som en tikkende bombe. Vi er stadig ved at finde ud af, hvad data kan bruges til, men p\u00e5 nogle omr\u00e5der er man allerede for langt fremme, som hos NSA. Efterretningstjenesten er g\u00e5et fra en besv\u00e6rlig og lidet effektiv tilv\u00e6relse med telefonaflytninger og fysisk overv\u00e5gning til et gennemdigitaliseret marked, hvor der er data p\u00e5 alt. Det har givet NSA, og den amerikanske regering<\/a> helt nye og uset pr\u00e6cise v\u00e6rt\u00f8jer i kampen mod terrror, og i sin de facto industrispionage. Der er adskillige problemer knyttet til det forehavende, men det mest presserende er systemets uigennemsigtighed, i alle tre grene af statsmagten. Ingen eller meget f\u00e5 ved, hvad dataindsamlingen g\u00e5r ud p\u00e5, og hvilke aktioner den medf\u00f8rer. Det er skadeligt i sig selv.<\/p>\n

Data, ja tak, med transparens<\/strong><\/p>\n

Big Data, Internet of Things og lignende teknologier, der bygger p\u00e5 data, har masser af positivt potentiale indenfor s\u00e5vel \u00f8konomisk v\u00e6kst som bedre leveforhold. Som effektive transportsystemer eller IBM’s Watson, tidligere Jeopardy-vinder, nu l\u00e6geaspirant<\/a>, lige som vi har det konstante behov for avancerede datasimulationer i udforskningen af klimaforandringer. Data er godt, men vi skal bruge stoffet fornuftigt og forlange nogle grundl\u00e6ggende spilleregler, hvor den allervigtigste er transparens. Vi er n\u00f8dt til at vide, hvad data, vores alle sammens data, bliver brugt til. Kun p\u00e5 den m\u00e5de kan vi blive klogere og sikre.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Analyse:\u00a0Det er enhver leders v\u00e5de dr\u00f8m, komplet information. Med Big Data kan alt m\u00e5les og…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[46,36,108],"tags":[156,246,138,54,248,244,242],"class_list":["post-796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-analyser","category-forretningsmodeller","category-nyt","tag-amazon","tag-apple","tag-data","tag-facebook","tag-google","tag-nsa","tag-transparens"],"yoast_head":"\nData er ikke til at stole p\u00e5 · Dataetisk Tænkehandletank<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/dataethics.eu\/da\/data-er-ikke-til-at-stole-paa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"da_DK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Data er ikke til at stole p\u00e5 · Dataetisk Tænkehandletank\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Analyse:\u00a0Det er enhver leders v\u00e5de dr\u00f8m, komplet information. 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