{"id":3662,"date":"2017-01-14T13:52:36","date_gmt":"2017-01-14T13:52:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/dataethics.eu\/?p=3662"},"modified":"2017-01-14T13:53:41","modified_gmt":"2017-01-14T13:53:41","slug":"forcing-real-names-online-increased-discrimination","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/dataethics.eu\/da\/forcing-real-names-online-increased-discrimination\/","title":{"rendered":"Forcing Real Names Online Increases Discrimination"},"content":{"rendered":"

Research. People often say that online behavior would improve if every comment system\u00a0forced people to use their real names. Evidence over the past thirty years suggests that this is not the case. Not only would removing anonymity fail to consistently improve online community behavior \u2013 forcing\u00a0real names in online communities could also\u00a0increase\u00a0discrimination and worsen harassment.<\/strong><\/p>\n

According to the article’s author, J. Nathan Matias, a PhD candidate at the MIT Media Lab\u00a0Center for Civic Media, there are 9 key fact on anonymity and social problems online:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Even if we all used \u2018real names\u2019 more than half of US harassment victims would be unaffected, as they already know their victims.<\/li>\n
  2. Conflict, harassment, and discrimination are social and cultural problems, not just online community problems<\/li>\n
  3. Revealing personal information exposes people to greater levels of harassment and discrimination. When people\u2019s names and photos are shown on a platform, people who\u00a0provide a service to\u00a0them reject transactions from people of color or charge them more. Revealing marital status caused donors give less to students with women teachers, in fields where women were a minority. Gender- and race-based harassment are only possible if people know a person\u2019s gender and\/or race, and real names often give strong indications around\u00a0both of these categories.<\/li>\n
  4. Companies that store personal information for business purposes also expose people to potentially serious risks, especially when that information is hacked and leaked.<\/li>\n
  5. Identity protections are often the first line of defense for people who face serious risks online. Pseudonymity is a common protective measure.<\/li>\n
  6. Requirements of so-called \u201creal names\u201d misunderstand how people manage identity across multiple social contexts, exposing vulnerable people to risks. E.g. people who are exploring LGBTQ identities often manage multiple accounts to prevent disastrous collapses of context.<\/li>\n
  7. Clear social norms can reduce problems even when people\u2019s names and other identifying information aren\u2019t visible.<\/li>\n
  8. People sometimes reveal their identities during\u00a0conflicts in order to increase their influence and gain approval from others on their side.<\/li>\n
  9. Abusive communities and hate groups do sometimes attempt to protect their identities. But many hate groups operate openly in the attempt to seek legitimacy.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    He concludes: We need to change our entire approach to the question. Our concerns about anonymity are overly-simplistic; system design can\u2019t solve social problems without actual social change.<\/em><\/p>\n

    Red the article<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Research. 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